IPL 2011 Champion Chennai Super Kings
CSK vs RCB: Chennai Super Kings beat Royal Challengers Bangalore to win IPL 4
CHENNAI: The Super Kings are the emperors of India.
In the battlefield called Chepauk, Dhoni's army ambushed the Royal Challengers to defend the citadel they had clinched in Mumbai last year. The Chennai mean machine started working from Ball One with M Vijay (95 off 52 balls) and Mike Hussey (63 off 45 balls) taking over and there was no looking back.
Vijay never looked good throughout the tournament, but Dhoni stuck with him. And what a day the Chennai boy chose to come good! The right-hander, in an outstanding opening partnership of 159 runs off 14.5 overs with Mike Hussey (63), did the groundwork and built some towers on it for good measure as CSK raced away to 205.
One man who could make a match out of it was Chris Gayle. But the shrewd Dhoni brought R Ashwin in the first over and the offie got the first two balls to turn away from the left-hander. Then came the killer ball which spun in and Gayle, on the back-foot, edged it to Dhoni.
After that, it was just a matter of keeping it tight as Royal Challengers kept losing wickets at regular intervals to go down by 58 runs.
But this final will be remembered by one and all for the way Vijay batted. He is highly rated and on Super Saturday he showed why. Shots were flowing from his bat like a stream as RCB skipper Daniel Vettori simply ran out of options. The crucial phase was when Vettori brought himself on, but Vijay showed excellent temperament. Vijay has the gift of timing and it was all so flawless on Saturday evening that a champion performer like Zaheer Khan looked helpless. And while Vijay was giving the fans all the reasons to cheer about, Hussey played the role of the guiding light to perfection.
In the humidity of Chennai, it's not easy to keep it going, but the two kept pushing each other. Even the strategic time-out, which is generally taken after the 16th over, was brilliantly timed. Hussey and Vijay took it after the 13th to get their breath back and carried on with the onslaught.
As the runs flowed, the shoulders drooped in the RCB ranks with misfields and overthrows creeping in. It all added to the Royal woes and finally, when Hussey got out trying to clear the long-on boundary, the game was all but over. One would have loved to see Vijay completing his second IPL century, but that was not to be. He got out in the 17th over, trying to clear the fence, but that didn't stop CSK from easing past the 200-run mark.
In another couple of hours, they lifted the trophy as Chepauk sank in the sea of yellow.
Saturday, 28 May 2011
Chennai Super Kings win IPL 2011
Chennai Super Kings win IPL 2011
The 2011 DLF Indian Premier League came to a fantastic close with an incredible batting filled match between Chennai Super Kings and Royal Challengers Bangalore. Chennai Super Kings came to the game ready to make sure their runs were as high as possible knowing that Chris Gayle is a player to watch out for from the Challengers side.
Chennai scored an incredible 169-1 making it the highest opening match in the IPL to date with the batting partnership of M Vijay and Michael Hussey. The bright yellow shirts of Chennai welcomed the cheers from the crowds in a jam packed Chidambaram Stadium. The 50,000 seats literately filled to the brim with fans from the home side were entertained to the max by their CSK team
After the ball change at 169-1, CSK did not hold back on the bombastic hits. Captain MS Dhoni came in smashing sixes from Gayle’s bowling complemented by the scoreboard saying ‘M.S.TERCLASS’ after one of his hits. The highest individual score of 95 in an IPL final was scored by M Vijay. Dhoni was out after 22 runs, leaving the rest of the work to the remaining players of CSK.
Suresh Raina and Morkel then continued in the same style smashing the ball over the boundaries reaching 199-3, when Morkel was caught near the boundary and Raina bowled out from the bowling of Chris Gayle of RCB. The CSK innings ended on huge history making score of 205-5 with a smash of six into the crowd from Bravo. Making them the team with the highest score in an IPL final at that point.
Royal Challngers Bangalore came on to bat with vigour to try and beat the massive score by CSK. Needing 206 to win RCB required the efforts of Chris Gayle to deliver his high scoring hits. Chris Gayle and Mayank Agarwal started the batting for RCB with Ravichandran Ashwin bowling from CSK. Then the unexpected happened.
The crowd roared and the yellow shirts on the field went into a frenzy knowing they got the biggest wicket.
RCB at 6-1 had to now settle for the rest of the team to try and win this game which looked more and more like CSK’s final. Aggarwal was bowled by Ashwin leaving RCB at 16-2. The partnership of V Kholi and AB de Villiers began to shape when they reached 46-2 but then de Villiers was bowled out after reaching 18 runs.
Suresh Raina then came to bowl for CSK to Pomersbach and Kholi at 50-3. Then, came in Jakati to bowl who caught Pomersbach with a great catch after bowling. Followed by Kholi’s demise by Suresh Raina. RCB’s misery continued with Vettori being bowled out for a duck by CSK’s outstanding bowler Ashwin.
RCB then carried on trying to see if they could salvage anything but it seemed a loss cause at 79-6. Tiwary and Mithun reached 92-7 for RCB until Mithun was then caught by Bollinger of the Chennai Super Kings, making their win look more and more likely. Zahir Khan came on as the next batsman for RCB to team up with Tiwary facing the balls from Bravo, when they eventually RCB reached 100-7. Still leaving them 109 runs from 32 balls to get to win.
Tiwary and Khan continued to make runs at 125-7 needing 81 from 14 balls to win but it was evidently a major feat for the Challengers with the game being pretty one sided since the demise of Gayle which triggered wickets to fall one after the other.
MS Dhoni’s team in yellow looked pretty comfortable by this point with the win in the horizon. The captain made some excellent decisions on the field to help CSK win the silverware. Bollinger then dismissed Zahir Khan who was caught by Hussey at the score of 133-8 for RCB. The last bowl of the final left RCB at 147-8. CSK had defended their title in sheer cricketing style.
As expected the game then ended with a huge and worthy win for the Chennai Super Kings who won by 58 runs and once again proved they were still the champions of this biggest domestic cricket tournament in the world.
The 2011 DLF Indian Premier League came to a fantastic close with an incredible batting filled match between Chennai Super Kings and Royal Challengers Bangalore. Chennai Super Kings came to the game ready to make sure their runs were as high as possible knowing that Chris Gayle is a player to watch out for from the Challengers side.
Chennai scored an incredible 169-1 making it the highest opening match in the IPL to date with the batting partnership of M Vijay and Michael Hussey. The bright yellow shirts of Chennai welcomed the cheers from the crowds in a jam packed Chidambaram Stadium. The 50,000 seats literately filled to the brim with fans from the home side were entertained to the max by their CSK team
After the ball change at 169-1, CSK did not hold back on the bombastic hits. Captain MS Dhoni came in smashing sixes from Gayle’s bowling complemented by the scoreboard saying ‘M.S.TERCLASS’ after one of his hits. The highest individual score of 95 in an IPL final was scored by M Vijay. Dhoni was out after 22 runs, leaving the rest of the work to the remaining players of CSK.
Suresh Raina and Morkel then continued in the same style smashing the ball over the boundaries reaching 199-3, when Morkel was caught near the boundary and Raina bowled out from the bowling of Chris Gayle of RCB. The CSK innings ended on huge history making score of 205-5 with a smash of six into the crowd from Bravo. Making them the team with the highest score in an IPL final at that point.
Royal Challngers Bangalore came on to bat with vigour to try and beat the massive score by CSK. Needing 206 to win RCB required the efforts of Chris Gayle to deliver his high scoring hits. Chris Gayle and Mayank Agarwal started the batting for RCB with Ravichandran Ashwin bowling from CSK. Then the unexpected happened.
The crowd roared and the yellow shirts on the field went into a frenzy knowing they got the biggest wicket.
RCB at 6-1 had to now settle for the rest of the team to try and win this game which looked more and more like CSK’s final. Aggarwal was bowled by Ashwin leaving RCB at 16-2. The partnership of V Kholi and AB de Villiers began to shape when they reached 46-2 but then de Villiers was bowled out after reaching 18 runs.
Suresh Raina then came to bowl for CSK to Pomersbach and Kholi at 50-3. Then, came in Jakati to bowl who caught Pomersbach with a great catch after bowling. Followed by Kholi’s demise by Suresh Raina. RCB’s misery continued with Vettori being bowled out for a duck by CSK’s outstanding bowler Ashwin.
RCB then carried on trying to see if they could salvage anything but it seemed a loss cause at 79-6. Tiwary and Mithun reached 92-7 for RCB until Mithun was then caught by Bollinger of the Chennai Super Kings, making their win look more and more likely. Zahir Khan came on as the next batsman for RCB to team up with Tiwary facing the balls from Bravo, when they eventually RCB reached 100-7. Still leaving them 109 runs from 32 balls to get to win.
Tiwary and Khan continued to make runs at 125-7 needing 81 from 14 balls to win but it was evidently a major feat for the Challengers with the game being pretty one sided since the demise of Gayle which triggered wickets to fall one after the other.
MS Dhoni’s team in yellow looked pretty comfortable by this point with the win in the horizon. The captain made some excellent decisions on the field to help CSK win the silverware. Bollinger then dismissed Zahir Khan who was caught by Hussey at the score of 133-8 for RCB. The last bowl of the final left RCB at 147-8. CSK had defended their title in sheer cricketing style.
As expected the game then ended with a huge and worthy win for the Chennai Super Kings who won by 58 runs and once again proved they were still the champions of this biggest domestic cricket tournament in the world.
Chennai Super Kings 2011 IPL CHAMPIONS Royal Challengers Bangalore by 58 runs
CSK vs RCB live score: Chennai retains IPL crown after beating Bangalore by 58 runs
Defending Champions Chennai Super Kings retained the IPL crown after crushing Royal Challengers Bangalore by 58 runs.
CSK vs RCB: live commentary and scorecard
Chasing a mammoth target of 206 runs, Bangalore lost the wickets in regular intervals and never looked to reach closer to the target.
For Chennai, R Ashwin and Shadab Jakati bowled brilliant spell to restrict Bangalore 147/8 in their allotted quota of 20 overs.
Ashwin took three wickets while Jakati scalped two Bangalore batsmen.
For Bangalore, Saurabh Tiwary topped the score with unbeaten 43 runs. Chennai performed like a champion and every member of the side contributed in the win.
Earlier, R Ashwin provided double blow to Bangalore as he dismissed Chris Gayle (0) and Mayank Agarwal (10) quickly. In the match that mattered most, Gayle scored duck.
Left-arm spinner Shadab Jakati scalped AB de Villiers to put Bangalore under pressure. Villiers made 18 runs. Soon after AB de Villiers, Jakati sentpack Luke Pomersbach for 2 runs.
Powered by record opening wicket partnership between Murali Vijay and Mike Hussey, Chennai Super Kings scored mammoth 205/5 against Bangalore.
Vijay and Hussey added 159 runs for the opening wicket. Vijay played fabulous knock of 95 runs. His innings was studded with four boundaries and six maximums.
Mike Hussey also scored half century. He made well deserved 63 runs. Skipper MS Dhoni also made quickfire 22 runs.
However, Chennai lost four wickets in quick succession but Bravo hits six on last ball off Gayle to take Chennai past 200.
For Bangalore, Arvind and Gayle took two wickets each while Syed Mohammad scalps one wicket.
Earlier, Chennai Duper Kings skipper MS Dhoni won the toss and elected to bat against royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL final 2011 here at MA Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai on Saturday.
After winning the crucial toss, Dhoni said that he would try to put some good total on board as the track is batting friendly.
Chennai and Bangalore have made no changes in the playing XI.
RCB skipper Daniel Vettori said that he would love to bat.
Teams:
Chennai: Murali Vijay, Mike Hussey, Suresh Raina, MS Dhoni, Albie Morkel, S Badrinath, Dwayne Bravo, Wriddhiman Saha, R Ashwin, Doug Bollinger, Shadab Jakati.
Bangalore: Chris Gayle, Mayank Agarwal, Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Saurabh Tiwary, LA Pomersbach, Daniel Vettori, Sreenath Aravind, Abhimanyu Mithun, Zaheer Khan, J Syed Mohammad
Defending Champions Chennai Super Kings retained the IPL crown after crushing Royal Challengers Bangalore by 58 runs.
CSK vs RCB: live commentary and scorecard
Chasing a mammoth target of 206 runs, Bangalore lost the wickets in regular intervals and never looked to reach closer to the target.
For Chennai, R Ashwin and Shadab Jakati bowled brilliant spell to restrict Bangalore 147/8 in their allotted quota of 20 overs.
Ashwin took three wickets while Jakati scalped two Bangalore batsmen.
For Bangalore, Saurabh Tiwary topped the score with unbeaten 43 runs. Chennai performed like a champion and every member of the side contributed in the win.
Earlier, R Ashwin provided double blow to Bangalore as he dismissed Chris Gayle (0) and Mayank Agarwal (10) quickly. In the match that mattered most, Gayle scored duck.
Left-arm spinner Shadab Jakati scalped AB de Villiers to put Bangalore under pressure. Villiers made 18 runs. Soon after AB de Villiers, Jakati sentpack Luke Pomersbach for 2 runs.
Powered by record opening wicket partnership between Murali Vijay and Mike Hussey, Chennai Super Kings scored mammoth 205/5 against Bangalore.
Vijay and Hussey added 159 runs for the opening wicket. Vijay played fabulous knock of 95 runs. His innings was studded with four boundaries and six maximums.
Mike Hussey also scored half century. He made well deserved 63 runs. Skipper MS Dhoni also made quickfire 22 runs.
However, Chennai lost four wickets in quick succession but Bravo hits six on last ball off Gayle to take Chennai past 200.
For Bangalore, Arvind and Gayle took two wickets each while Syed Mohammad scalps one wicket.
Earlier, Chennai Duper Kings skipper MS Dhoni won the toss and elected to bat against royal Challengers Bangalore in the IPL final 2011 here at MA Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai on Saturday.
After winning the crucial toss, Dhoni said that he would try to put some good total on board as the track is batting friendly.
Chennai and Bangalore have made no changes in the playing XI.
RCB skipper Daniel Vettori said that he would love to bat.
Teams:
Chennai: Murali Vijay, Mike Hussey, Suresh Raina, MS Dhoni, Albie Morkel, S Badrinath, Dwayne Bravo, Wriddhiman Saha, R Ashwin, Doug Bollinger, Shadab Jakati.
Bangalore: Chris Gayle, Mayank Agarwal, Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Saurabh Tiwary, LA Pomersbach, Daniel Vettori, Sreenath Aravind, Abhimanyu Mithun, Zaheer Khan, J Syed Mohammad
Chennai Super Kings 2011 IPL CHAMPIONS AGAIN!!
Chennai Super Kings 2011 IPL CHAMPIONS AGAIN!!
Chennai Super Kings (Tamil: சென்னை சூப்பர் கிங்ஸ் (often abbreviated as CSK) is a franchise cricket team based in Chennai that plays in the Indian Premier League. The team is captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni and coached by Stephen Fleming. The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium (often referred to as Chepauk) is the Super Kings' home ground. They are the current holders of the IPL trophy, having won the 2011 Indian Premier League. They are the only team in the IPL History to win the trophy for the second time that too in consecutive years. They were the runners-up of the inaugural season and semi-finalists of the second edition and are the only side to make it to the semi-finals in all the four (including 2011) editions of the tournament. The Super Kings have qualified for two Champions League tournaments, firstly the 2008 edition, although the tournament was subsequently cancelled, and the 2010 tournament of which they became Champions. The leading run-scorer of the side is Suresh Raina while the leading wicket-taker is Albie Morkel.The brand value of Chennai Super Kings (Champions IPL 2010) is estimated at USD 70.16 Million.
WHOA!! We are IPL CHAMPIONS AGAIN!! The team did well to raise up their game for the crucial match. This is why Dhoni's captaincy and Fleming's coaching is crucial for Chennai Super Kings.
Positives:
1. Vijay & Hussey: What a way to come back to the form. They showed determination and intent by running very hard in the initial overs. They scored 56 runs in the first six overs without even a single boundary. Commendable performance from the openers.
2. Ashwin: Again another great bowling performance. His early wicket of Gayle snubbed out the slightest hope that RCB had.
3. Jakati: Another great bowling performance from him.
Fan's Man of the Match: Vijay. His explosive innings and his determined running between the wickets was commendable. Hope to see more such clinical partnerships from Hussey & Vijay in the next season.
Chennai Super Kings 2011 IPL... We are CHAMPIONS AGAIN!!
Chennai Super Kings successfully defended their title with another clinical display. Great Opening Partnership by Hussey-Vijay set up the most dominating win of the season.
Chennai Super Kings (CSK) Team Squad IPL 2011 Players List is placed here. The IPL 3 season champions Chennai Super Kings will go to IPL 4 with a change in team structure although they will share the same pride and express hungry for success as always.
The Chennai Super Kings may have lost Muralidharan and Laxmipathy Balaji, but they have all areas of shortest form of cricket covered with their new buys. Hussey will be up the order with Murali Vijay; Dwayne Bravo and Scott Styris will join the party with Albie Morkel to bolster the all-rounder strength as well as the middle order and both Ashwin and Tim Southee will grunt in the company of Kulasekara and Ben Hilfenhaus. Dhoni will steer the team in the company of Raina.
With a coach as erudite and as meticulous as Stephen Fleming, the Super Kings is looking forward building yet another strong team who will roar through success. Updated list of Chennai Super Kings IPL 4 team squad is placed below.
Chennai Super Kings Squad, Team for 2011 IPL
CSK IPL 2011 Player List of Indian Players
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Suresh Raina
Murali Vijay
Wriddhiman Saha
Ravichandran Ashwin
Subramanium Badrinath
Joginder Sharma
Sudeep Tyagi
Abhinav Mukund
Aniruddha Shrikant
Ganapathi Vignesh
K Vasudevdas
Shadb Jakati
Vijaykumar Yomahesh
Chennai Super Kings (Tamil: சென்னை சூப்பர் கிங்ஸ் (often abbreviated as CSK) is a franchise cricket team based in Chennai that plays in the Indian Premier League. The team is captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni and coached by Stephen Fleming. The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium (often referred to as Chepauk) is the Super Kings' home ground. They are the current holders of the IPL trophy, having won the 2011 Indian Premier League. They are the only team in the IPL History to win the trophy for the second time that too in consecutive years. They were the runners-up of the inaugural season and semi-finalists of the second edition and are the only side to make it to the semi-finals in all the four (including 2011) editions of the tournament. The Super Kings have qualified for two Champions League tournaments, firstly the 2008 edition, although the tournament was subsequently cancelled, and the 2010 tournament of which they became Champions. The leading run-scorer of the side is Suresh Raina while the leading wicket-taker is Albie Morkel.The brand value of Chennai Super Kings (Champions IPL 2010) is estimated at USD 70.16 Million.
WHOA!! We are IPL CHAMPIONS AGAIN!! The team did well to raise up their game for the crucial match. This is why Dhoni's captaincy and Fleming's coaching is crucial for Chennai Super Kings.
Positives:
1. Vijay & Hussey: What a way to come back to the form. They showed determination and intent by running very hard in the initial overs. They scored 56 runs in the first six overs without even a single boundary. Commendable performance from the openers.
2. Ashwin: Again another great bowling performance. His early wicket of Gayle snubbed out the slightest hope that RCB had.
3. Jakati: Another great bowling performance from him.
Fan's Man of the Match: Vijay. His explosive innings and his determined running between the wickets was commendable. Hope to see more such clinical partnerships from Hussey & Vijay in the next season.
Chennai Super Kings 2011 IPL... We are CHAMPIONS AGAIN!!
Chennai Super Kings successfully defended their title with another clinical display. Great Opening Partnership by Hussey-Vijay set up the most dominating win of the season.
Chennai Super Kings (CSK) Team Squad IPL 2011 Players List is placed here. The IPL 3 season champions Chennai Super Kings will go to IPL 4 with a change in team structure although they will share the same pride and express hungry for success as always.
The Chennai Super Kings may have lost Muralidharan and Laxmipathy Balaji, but they have all areas of shortest form of cricket covered with their new buys. Hussey will be up the order with Murali Vijay; Dwayne Bravo and Scott Styris will join the party with Albie Morkel to bolster the all-rounder strength as well as the middle order and both Ashwin and Tim Southee will grunt in the company of Kulasekara and Ben Hilfenhaus. Dhoni will steer the team in the company of Raina.
With a coach as erudite and as meticulous as Stephen Fleming, the Super Kings is looking forward building yet another strong team who will roar through success. Updated list of Chennai Super Kings IPL 4 team squad is placed below.
Chennai Super Kings Squad, Team for 2011 IPL
CSK IPL 2011 Player List of Indian Players
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Suresh Raina
Murali Vijay
Wriddhiman Saha
Ravichandran Ashwin
Subramanium Badrinath
Joginder Sharma
Sudeep Tyagi
Abhinav Mukund
Aniruddha Shrikant
Ganapathi Vignesh
K Vasudevdas
Shadb Jakati
Vijaykumar Yomahesh
Alexander the Great (356 - 323 BC)
Alexander III of Macedon, better known as Alexander the Great, single-handedly changed the nature of the ancient world in little more than a decade.
Alexander was born in the northern Greek kingdom of Macedonia in July 356 BC. His parents were Philip II of Macedon and his wife Olympias. Alexander was educated by the philosopher Aristotle. Philip was assassinated in 336 BC and Alexander inherited a powerful yet volatile kingdom. He quickly dealt with his enemies at home and reasserted Macedonian power within Greece. He then set out to conquer the massive Persian Empire.
Against overwhelming odds, he led his army to victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt without suffering a single defeat. His greatest victory was at the Battle of Gaugamela, in what is now northern Iraq, in 331 BC. The young king of Macedonia, leader of the Greeks, overlord of Asia Minor and pharaoh of Egypt became 'great king' of Persia at the age of 25.
Over the next eight years, in his capacity as king, commander, politician, scholar and explorer, Alexander led his army a further 11,000 miles, founding over 70 cities and creating an empire that stretched across three continents and covered around two million square miles. The entire area from Greece in the west, north to the Danube, south into Egypt and as far to the east as the Indian Punjab, was linked together in a vast international network of trade and commerce. This was united by a common Greek language and culture, while the king himself adopted foreign customs in order to rule his millions of ethnically diverse subjects.
Alexander was acknowledged as a military genius who always led by example, although his belief in his own indestructibility meant he was often reckless with his own life and those of his soldiers. The fact that his army only refused to follow him once in 13 years of a reign during which there was constant fighting, indicates the loyalty he inspired.
He died of a fever in Babylon in June 323 BC.
Alexander was born in the northern Greek kingdom of Macedonia in July 356 BC. His parents were Philip II of Macedon and his wife Olympias. Alexander was educated by the philosopher Aristotle. Philip was assassinated in 336 BC and Alexander inherited a powerful yet volatile kingdom. He quickly dealt with his enemies at home and reasserted Macedonian power within Greece. He then set out to conquer the massive Persian Empire.
Against overwhelming odds, he led his army to victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt without suffering a single defeat. His greatest victory was at the Battle of Gaugamela, in what is now northern Iraq, in 331 BC. The young king of Macedonia, leader of the Greeks, overlord of Asia Minor and pharaoh of Egypt became 'great king' of Persia at the age of 25.
Over the next eight years, in his capacity as king, commander, politician, scholar and explorer, Alexander led his army a further 11,000 miles, founding over 70 cities and creating an empire that stretched across three continents and covered around two million square miles. The entire area from Greece in the west, north to the Danube, south into Egypt and as far to the east as the Indian Punjab, was linked together in a vast international network of trade and commerce. This was united by a common Greek language and culture, while the king himself adopted foreign customs in order to rule his millions of ethnically diverse subjects.
Alexander was acknowledged as a military genius who always led by example, although his belief in his own indestructibility meant he was often reckless with his own life and those of his soldiers. The fact that his army only refused to follow him once in 13 years of a reign during which there was constant fighting, indicates the loyalty he inspired.
He died of a fever in Babylon in June 323 BC.
Alexander the Great Biography
Alexander the Great Biography
Born: September 20, 356 B.C.E.
Pella, Macedonia
Died: June 13, 323 B.C.E.
Babylon
Macedonian king
Alexander the Great was one of the best-known rulers in ancient history. By the time of his death at thirty-two, he ruled the largest Western empire of the ancient world.
Education by tutors
Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. to King Philip II of Macedon (382–336 B.C.E. ) and Queen Olympias (375–316 B.C.E. ). Growing up, Alexander rarely saw his father, who was usually involved in long military campaigns. Olympias, a fierce and possessive mother, dominated her son's youth and filled him with a deep resentment of his father. Nonetheless, their son's education was important to both parents.
Alexander the Great.
One of Alexander's first teachers was Leonidas, a relative of Olympias, who struggled to control the defiant boy. Philip hired Leonidas to train the youth in math, archery, and horsemanship (the training and care of horses). Alexander's favorite tutor was Lysimachus. This tutor devised a game in which Alexander impersonated the hero Achilles. Achilles was a heroic Greek warrior from a famous ancient poem called the Iliad. Achilles became the model of the noble warrior for Alexander, and he modeled himself after this hero. This game delighted Olympias because her family claimed the hero as an ancestor.
In 343 Philip asked Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E. ), the famous Greek philosopher and scientist, to tutor Alexander. For three years in the rural Macedonian village of Mieza, Aristotle taught Alexander philosophy, government, politics, poetry, drama, and the sciences. Aristotle wrote a shortened edition of the Iliad, which Alexander always kept with him.
Beginnings of the soldier
Alexander's education at Mieza ended in 340 B.C.E. . While Philip was away fighting a war, he left the sixteen-year-old prince as acting king. Within a year Alexander led his first military attack against a rival tribe. In 338 he led the cavalry (troops who fight battles on horseback) and helped his father smash the forces of Athens and Thebes, two Greek city-states.
Alexander's relationship and military cooperation with his father ended soon after Philip took control of the Corinthian League. The Corinthian League was a military alliance made up of all the Greek states except for Sparta. Philip then married another woman, which forced Alexander and Olympias to flee Macedon. Eventually Philip and Alexander were reunited.
Alexander as king
In the summer of 336 B.C.E. at the ancient Macedonian capital of Aegai, Alexander's sister married her uncle Alexander. During this event Philip was assassinated by a young Macedonian noble, Pausanias. After his father's death Alexander sought the approval of the Macedonian army for his bid for kingship. The generals agreed and proclaimed him king, making Alexander the ruler of Macedon. In order to secure his throne, Alexander then killed everyone who could have a possible claim to the kingship.
Although he was the king of Macedon, Alexander did not automatically gain control of the Corinthian League. Some Greek states rejoiced at Philip's murder, and Athens wanted to rule the League. Throughout Greece independence movements arose. Immediately Alexander led his armies to Greece to stop these movements. The Greek states quickly recognized him as their leader, while Sparta still refused to join. The League gave Alexander unlimited military powers to attack Persia, a large kingdom to the east of Greece.
Asian campaign
In October 335 B.C.E. Alexander returned to Macedon and prepared for his Persian expedition. In numbers of troops, ships, and wealth, Alexander's resources were inferior to those of Darius III (380–330 B.C.E. ), the king of Persia. In the early spring of 334 Alexander's army met Darius's army for the first time. Alexander's army defeated the Persians and continued to move west. Darius's capital at Sardis fell easily, followed by the cities of Miletus and Halicarnassus. The territories Alexander conquered formed the foundations of his Asian empire.
By autumn 334 Alexander had crossed the southern coast of Asia Minor (now Turkey). In Asia Minor, Alexander cut the famous Gordian Knot. According to tradition, whoever undid the intricate Gordian Knot would become ruler of Asia. Many people began to believe that Alexander had godlike powers and was destined to rule Asia.
Then in 333 Alexander moved his forces east and the two kings met in battle at the city of Issus. Alexander was outnumbered but used creative military formations to beat Darius's forces. Darius fled. Alexander then attacked the Persian royal camp where he gained lots of riches and captured the royal family. He treated Darius's wife, mother, and three children with respect. With Darius's army defeated, Alexander proclaimed himself king of Asia.
As a result of the defeat, Darius wanted to sign a truce with Alexander. He offered a large ransom for his family, a marriage alliance, a treaty of friendship, and part of his empire. Alexander ignored Darius's offer because he wanted to conquer all of Asia.
Campaign in Egypt
Alexander then pushed on into Egypt. Egypt fell to Alexander without resistance, and the Egyptians hailed him as their deliverer from Persian domination. In every country, Alexander respected the local customs, religions, and citizens. In Egypt he sacrificed to the local gods and the Egyptian priesthood recognized him as pharaoh, or ruler of ancient Egypt. They hailed Alexander as a god. Alexander then worked to bring Greek culture to Egypt. In 331 B.C.E. he founded the city of Alexandria, which became a center of Greek culture and commerce.
More fighting in Persia
In September 331 B.C.E. Alexander defeated the Persians at the Battle of Gaugamela. The Persian army collapsed, and again Darius fled. Instead of chasing after him, Alexander explored Babylonia, which was the region that Darius had abandoned. The land had rich farmlands, palaces, and treasures. Alexander became "King of Babylon, King of Asia, King of the Four Quarters of the World."
Alexander next set out for Persepolis, the capital of the Persian Empire. To prevent an uprising, Alexander burned Persepolis. In the spring of 330 he marched to Darius's last capital, Ecbatana (modern Hamadan). There Alexander set off in pursuit of Darius.
By the time Alexander caught up with Darius in July 330, Darius's assistants had assassinated him. Alexander ordered a royal funeral with honors for his enemy. As Darius's successor, Alexander captured the assassins and punished them according to Persian law. Alexander was now the king of Persia, and he began to wear Persian royal clothing. As elsewhere, Alexander respected the local customs.
Iran and India
After defeating Darius, Alexander pushed eastward toward Iran. He conquered the region, built cities, and established colonies of Macedonians. In the spring of 327 B.C.E. he seized the fortress of Ariamazes and captured the prince Oxyartes. Alexander married Oxyartes's daughter Rhoxana to hold together his Eastern empire more closely in a political alliance.
In the summer of 327 Alexander marched toward India. In northern India, he defeated the armies of King Porus. Impressed with his bravery and nobility, Alexander allowed Porus to remain king and gained his loyalty.
By July 325 the army continued north to the harsh and barren land in the Persian Gulf. The hardship and death that occurred after arriving brought disorganization to the army. It was also at this time that disorder began to spread throughout the empire. Alexander was greatly concerned with the rule of his empire and the need for soldiers, officers, and administrators.
In order to strengthen the empire, Alexander then made an attempt to bind the Persian nobility to the Macedonians to create a ruling class. To accomplish this goal, he ordered eighty of his Macedonian companions to marry Persian princesses. Alexander, although married to Rhoxana, married Stateira, a daughter of Darius, to solidify his rule.
When Alexander incorporated thirty thousand Persians into the army, his soldiers grumbled. Later that summer, when he dismissed his aged and wounded Macedonian soldiers, the soldiers spoke out against Alexander's Persian troops and his Persian manners. Alexander arrested thirteen of their leaders and executed them. He then addressed the army and reminded his soldiers of their glories and honors. After three days the Macedonians apologized for their criticism. In a thanksgiving feast the Persians joined the Macedonians as forces of Alexander.
Alexander's death
In the spring of 323 B.C.E. Alexander moved to Babylon and made plans to explore the Caspian Sea and Arabia and then to conquer northern Africa. On June 2 he fell ill, and he died eleven days later.
Alexander's empire had been a vast territory ruled by the king and his assistants. The empire fell apart at his death. The Greek culture that Alexander introduced in the East had barely developed. In time, however, the Persian and Greek cultures blended and prospered as a result of his rule.
Born: September 20, 356 B.C.E.
Pella, Macedonia
Died: June 13, 323 B.C.E.
Babylon
Macedonian king
Alexander the Great was one of the best-known rulers in ancient history. By the time of his death at thirty-two, he ruled the largest Western empire of the ancient world.
Education by tutors
Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. to King Philip II of Macedon (382–336 B.C.E. ) and Queen Olympias (375–316 B.C.E. ). Growing up, Alexander rarely saw his father, who was usually involved in long military campaigns. Olympias, a fierce and possessive mother, dominated her son's youth and filled him with a deep resentment of his father. Nonetheless, their son's education was important to both parents.
Alexander the Great.
One of Alexander's first teachers was Leonidas, a relative of Olympias, who struggled to control the defiant boy. Philip hired Leonidas to train the youth in math, archery, and horsemanship (the training and care of horses). Alexander's favorite tutor was Lysimachus. This tutor devised a game in which Alexander impersonated the hero Achilles. Achilles was a heroic Greek warrior from a famous ancient poem called the Iliad. Achilles became the model of the noble warrior for Alexander, and he modeled himself after this hero. This game delighted Olympias because her family claimed the hero as an ancestor.
In 343 Philip asked Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E. ), the famous Greek philosopher and scientist, to tutor Alexander. For three years in the rural Macedonian village of Mieza, Aristotle taught Alexander philosophy, government, politics, poetry, drama, and the sciences. Aristotle wrote a shortened edition of the Iliad, which Alexander always kept with him.
Beginnings of the soldier
Alexander's education at Mieza ended in 340 B.C.E. . While Philip was away fighting a war, he left the sixteen-year-old prince as acting king. Within a year Alexander led his first military attack against a rival tribe. In 338 he led the cavalry (troops who fight battles on horseback) and helped his father smash the forces of Athens and Thebes, two Greek city-states.
Alexander's relationship and military cooperation with his father ended soon after Philip took control of the Corinthian League. The Corinthian League was a military alliance made up of all the Greek states except for Sparta. Philip then married another woman, which forced Alexander and Olympias to flee Macedon. Eventually Philip and Alexander were reunited.
Alexander as king
In the summer of 336 B.C.E. at the ancient Macedonian capital of Aegai, Alexander's sister married her uncle Alexander. During this event Philip was assassinated by a young Macedonian noble, Pausanias. After his father's death Alexander sought the approval of the Macedonian army for his bid for kingship. The generals agreed and proclaimed him king, making Alexander the ruler of Macedon. In order to secure his throne, Alexander then killed everyone who could have a possible claim to the kingship.
Although he was the king of Macedon, Alexander did not automatically gain control of the Corinthian League. Some Greek states rejoiced at Philip's murder, and Athens wanted to rule the League. Throughout Greece independence movements arose. Immediately Alexander led his armies to Greece to stop these movements. The Greek states quickly recognized him as their leader, while Sparta still refused to join. The League gave Alexander unlimited military powers to attack Persia, a large kingdom to the east of Greece.
Asian campaign
In October 335 B.C.E. Alexander returned to Macedon and prepared for his Persian expedition. In numbers of troops, ships, and wealth, Alexander's resources were inferior to those of Darius III (380–330 B.C.E. ), the king of Persia. In the early spring of 334 Alexander's army met Darius's army for the first time. Alexander's army defeated the Persians and continued to move west. Darius's capital at Sardis fell easily, followed by the cities of Miletus and Halicarnassus. The territories Alexander conquered formed the foundations of his Asian empire.
By autumn 334 Alexander had crossed the southern coast of Asia Minor (now Turkey). In Asia Minor, Alexander cut the famous Gordian Knot. According to tradition, whoever undid the intricate Gordian Knot would become ruler of Asia. Many people began to believe that Alexander had godlike powers and was destined to rule Asia.
Then in 333 Alexander moved his forces east and the two kings met in battle at the city of Issus. Alexander was outnumbered but used creative military formations to beat Darius's forces. Darius fled. Alexander then attacked the Persian royal camp where he gained lots of riches and captured the royal family. He treated Darius's wife, mother, and three children with respect. With Darius's army defeated, Alexander proclaimed himself king of Asia.
As a result of the defeat, Darius wanted to sign a truce with Alexander. He offered a large ransom for his family, a marriage alliance, a treaty of friendship, and part of his empire. Alexander ignored Darius's offer because he wanted to conquer all of Asia.
Campaign in Egypt
Alexander then pushed on into Egypt. Egypt fell to Alexander without resistance, and the Egyptians hailed him as their deliverer from Persian domination. In every country, Alexander respected the local customs, religions, and citizens. In Egypt he sacrificed to the local gods and the Egyptian priesthood recognized him as pharaoh, or ruler of ancient Egypt. They hailed Alexander as a god. Alexander then worked to bring Greek culture to Egypt. In 331 B.C.E. he founded the city of Alexandria, which became a center of Greek culture and commerce.
More fighting in Persia
In September 331 B.C.E. Alexander defeated the Persians at the Battle of Gaugamela. The Persian army collapsed, and again Darius fled. Instead of chasing after him, Alexander explored Babylonia, which was the region that Darius had abandoned. The land had rich farmlands, palaces, and treasures. Alexander became "King of Babylon, King of Asia, King of the Four Quarters of the World."
Alexander next set out for Persepolis, the capital of the Persian Empire. To prevent an uprising, Alexander burned Persepolis. In the spring of 330 he marched to Darius's last capital, Ecbatana (modern Hamadan). There Alexander set off in pursuit of Darius.
By the time Alexander caught up with Darius in July 330, Darius's assistants had assassinated him. Alexander ordered a royal funeral with honors for his enemy. As Darius's successor, Alexander captured the assassins and punished them according to Persian law. Alexander was now the king of Persia, and he began to wear Persian royal clothing. As elsewhere, Alexander respected the local customs.
Iran and India
After defeating Darius, Alexander pushed eastward toward Iran. He conquered the region, built cities, and established colonies of Macedonians. In the spring of 327 B.C.E. he seized the fortress of Ariamazes and captured the prince Oxyartes. Alexander married Oxyartes's daughter Rhoxana to hold together his Eastern empire more closely in a political alliance.
In the summer of 327 Alexander marched toward India. In northern India, he defeated the armies of King Porus. Impressed with his bravery and nobility, Alexander allowed Porus to remain king and gained his loyalty.
By July 325 the army continued north to the harsh and barren land in the Persian Gulf. The hardship and death that occurred after arriving brought disorganization to the army. It was also at this time that disorder began to spread throughout the empire. Alexander was greatly concerned with the rule of his empire and the need for soldiers, officers, and administrators.
In order to strengthen the empire, Alexander then made an attempt to bind the Persian nobility to the Macedonians to create a ruling class. To accomplish this goal, he ordered eighty of his Macedonian companions to marry Persian princesses. Alexander, although married to Rhoxana, married Stateira, a daughter of Darius, to solidify his rule.
When Alexander incorporated thirty thousand Persians into the army, his soldiers grumbled. Later that summer, when he dismissed his aged and wounded Macedonian soldiers, the soldiers spoke out against Alexander's Persian troops and his Persian manners. Alexander arrested thirteen of their leaders and executed them. He then addressed the army and reminded his soldiers of their glories and honors. After three days the Macedonians apologized for their criticism. In a thanksgiving feast the Persians joined the Macedonians as forces of Alexander.
Alexander's death
In the spring of 323 B.C.E. Alexander moved to Babylon and made plans to explore the Caspian Sea and Arabia and then to conquer northern Africa. On June 2 he fell ill, and he died eleven days later.
Alexander's empire had been a vast territory ruled by the king and his assistants. The empire fell apart at his death. The Greek culture that Alexander introduced in the East had barely developed. In time, however, the Persian and Greek cultures blended and prospered as a result of his rule.
Thirukkural in English - From chapters 121 to 133
Division III. Love - From chapters 121 to 133
121 Nostalgic memories
1201 Love is sweeter than wine;
Its mere thought intoxicates.
1202 Nothing better than sweet memories of love
To overcome the pain of loneliness!
1203 Is it because of my lover’s incomplete thoughts
That my sneeze passes off incomplete?
1204 No doubt my lord abides in my heart.
Do I also likewise abide in his?
1205 Having kept me out of his heart,
Is he not ashamed to enter mine?
1206 You know why I live? To live in remembrance of the days
I lived in union with him.
1207 What will happen if I forget him,
When his memory itself burns my heart?
1208 He never resents, however much I think of him.
Isn’t it an honor from my lover?
1209 My dear life wastes thinking of his cruelty;
For once he said we are not different.
1210 Hail Moon! Set not till I set my eyes on him
Who left me but not from my heart.
122 Dream remembered
1211 How shall I feast this dream which brought
A message from my lord?
1212 If only my painted eyes could sleep,
I will tell him in my dream of my true predicament.
1213 Though I miss him when I am awake,
My life lingers on as I see him in my dreams.
1214 Dreams sustain my love for in it I seek him
Who visits not while I am awake.
1215 The very sight of him is joyous.
Be it in dreams or while I am awake.
1216 Save for that thing called waking,
My dream-lover won't leave me indeed.
1217 Why does he haunt me in my dreams
When he cruelly deserts me when awake?
1218 Asleep he is round my shoulders.
Awake he hurries back to my heart.
1219 Only those starved of love dreams,
Rue missing their beloved in wakefulness.
1220 He is a deserter, people say.
But how can they see his visits in my dreams?
123 Evening sorrows
1221 Farewell, evening! You are no more just,
For you devour the souls of brides!
1222 Bless you, muddled, lack-lustre twilight!
Is your love too heartless like mine?
1223 The evening that once sighed with unease,
Now comes with growing hatred causing pain.
1224 There goes my love and in strides the evening,
Like slayers at the slaughter
1225 What good did I do to dawn?
And what harm to evening?
1226 When my love was with me, I did not know
How cruel evening could be.
1227 Budding at dawn and growing all day,
This disease blooms by evening.
1228 The cowboy’s flutes now sound as envoys of death
Forecasting the fiery evening.
1229 This place will all be dizzy and grieved
When the evening spreads and smothers me.
1230 Longing for him who left longing for wealth,
The evenings take toll of my undying soul.
124 Wasting away
Her friend to her
1231 To lift us from want, he left us afar. Brooding over him,
Your eyes now quail before flowers.
1232 The pale and tear-filled eyes seem to convey
That your lover has been unkind.
1233 Sagging shoulders that once stood firm on the bridal day
Seem to clearly point to parting.
1234 Your lord away, your think shoulders droop,
Beauty and bracelets lost.
1235 Drooping shoulders, its fading beauty
And slipping bracelets declare his cruelty.
She
1236 Drooping shoulders and slipping bracelets,
These I bear; to call him cruel, unbearable.
1237 Can you, O heart, gain glory by relating that cruel man
The woes of my fading shoulders?
He
1238 For once I relaxed my hugging arms,
This poor girl’s forehead turned pale.
1239 Cool breeze crept between our embrace;
Her large rain-cloud eyes paled at once.
1240 Seeing the once bright forehead grow pale,
Her eyes too suffered and grew pale!
125 Heart to heart
1241 My heart, can't you suggest any remedy at all
For this incurable sickness?
1242 O my heart! How foolish you are to grieve for him
Who has no love for me!
1243 O heart, what use to stay here and pine
When he who caused this sickness is heartless?
1244 Rid me of these eyes, O my heart! For they,
Longing to see him, wear my life away.
1245 O heart, can I call him a foe and dump him
Who longs not for me though I long for him?
1246 My heart that pretends to be angry will at once
Yield and jell seeing my lover.
1247 O my good heart! Either shed shame or shed love
For I cannot bear both.
1248 O my poor soul! You persist in pursuit of the departed,
Longing for his favours!
1249 Where are you searching my heart
While you know my dear one is within?
1250 To retain the deserter still in my heart
Is to suffer losing more charm.
126 Loss of modesty
1251 The axe of love can break open the door of chastity
Secured by the bolt of modesty.
1252 That pitiless thing called Love
Exploits my heart even at night.
1253 Fain would I hide my love, but it breaks out
Unawares like a sneeze.
1254 In modesty I deemed myself beyond assail;
But love has now cast away the veil.
1255 The dignity of not pursuing the indifferent
Is one thing unknown to the love-sick.
1256 What sort of passion is this that induces me
To follow the very one who deserted me?
1257 When the lover does all we desire,
We forget all shame unawares.
1258 Are not the enticing words of this wily fraud
Weapons that break my feminine reserve?
1259 Determined to sulk I went, but when my heart merged,
I too went and clasped him.
1260 Can they ever think of refusing to be reconciled,
Whose hearts melt like fat in fire?
127 Mutual longings
She
1261 My eyes have lost their glow and my fingers worn out
Marking the days of his absence.
1262 What if I forget him now, my bright jewel?
For it costs my beauty and armlets!
1263 He parted from me longing for conquests;
And if I live yet, it is longing for his return.
1264 The thought of reunion when my love returns
Makes my heart burgeon higher and higher.
1265 Pallor will soon disappear from my slim shoulders,
Once my eyes feast seeing him.
1266 Enough if he returns for a day,
I will gorge him till all my ills vanish.
1267 When he, dear as my eyes, returns,
Should I frown or embrace him or do both?
He
1268 May the king succeed in his efforts!
I can then join my wife and party in the evenings.
1269 Even a day will seem seven to those
Who long for the day of their mate’s return.
1270 To one dead of a broken heart, what avails my return,
Meeting or even embrace?
128 Sign language
He
1271 Even if you hide, your divulging eyes reveal
That something lurks your mind.
1272 Her eye catching beauty and bamboo shoulders
Simply enhance her feminine reserve!
1273 Something shines in her jeweled charm,
Like the thread shining in a crystal bead.
1274 Something lurks behind her half smile
Like the fragrance in a flower bud.
1275 The trickery caused by the braceleted one
Carries the medicine to cure my ills as well.
She
1276 The lack of love in his embrace implies that
More sufferings are in store for me.
1277 Even before I could, my bangles figured out
The immanent separation from my lord.
1278 My lord left only yesterday,
And I already have a week's pallor.
Her friend to Him
1279 She did no more than show me her loose bracelets,
Slender shoulders and swollen feet.
1280 They say a woman is most womanly
When she makes her eyes declare and plead.
129 Yearning for union
1281 To please with the thought and delight with the sight,
Belongs not to liquor but love.
1282 Where love is as large as a palm tree,
Even millet of sulk is misplaced.
1283 Let him neglect me and do what he will.
My eyes will not rest till they see him.
1284 My friend, I went all set to quarrel,
But my heart forgot and clasped him.
1285 Like eyes that can’t see the painting brush,
I don’t see his faults when I see him.
1286 When I see him I see no faults, and when I don't,
I see nothing but faults!
1287 It is folly to plunge into a known raging stream.
Likewise, why sulk and plumb known lies?
1288 The drunkard seeks wine knowing well its shame;
So does your bosom to me, O thief!
1289 Love is more delicate than flower;
Not many handle it properly.
1290 Though hostile in the eyes, she was faster than me
To break down and unite.
130 Complaint to the heart
1291 My heart! You see his heart and stand by him,
But why don’t you stand by me?
1292 My heart! Having seen his indifference,
Why do you go after him in hope?
1293 O my heart! Is it because the fallen have no friends
That you madly run after him?
1294 Who will consult you hereafter, my heart,
Having failed to sulk before yielding?
1295 Anxious of not getting, and of losing when got,
Either way my heart is always anxious.
1296 If my heart stays with me here,
It is to devour me when I am musing alone.
1297 Even modesty I have forgotten,
Due to my meek and foolish heart unable to forget him.
1298 My dear loving heart decrees, my lord is not to be shamed
And thus hails only his glory.
1299 Who will help one in distress,
When one’s own heart refuses to help?
1300 When one's own heart behaves like a stranger,
Why talk of strangers?
131 Coyness
1301 Let me feign to be angry
And see his pain of suffering for a while.
1302 Sulking is the salt of love. To prolong it
Is like salt a little too much.
She to Him
1303 To leave a sulky woman alone
Is to cause more pain to the suffering.
1304 To ignore a lady in pout is to cut
An already withering climber at its root.
He to Himself
1305 The beauty of her feigned anger has an attraction
Even for the spotlessly pure men.
1306 Without frowns and sulking,
Love is like a fruit unripe or overripe.
1307 Coyness has this one drawback.
That is the worry of delayed union.
1308 Why grieve when the lover is not there
To know whether you are grieving?
1309 Just as the refreshing water in the shade,
Pouting has its charms only between lovers.
1310 Only my desire makes my heart pine for union
With one who keeps on sulking.
132 Lovers’ quarrels
She
1311 I won't clasp your broad chest,
A common dish for all women's eyes to gorge!
1312 When I sulked, he sneezed: hoping
I would forget and say "Bless you".
He
1313 If I wear a wreath, she cries enraged:
"For which woman's sake is this?"
1314 If I say "I love you more than any one",
She frowned asking, "Than whom, than whom?"
1315 The moment I said we won’t part in this life,
Her eyes were filled with tears.
1316 "I remembered you", I said;
"After forgetting?" said she withdrawing herself!
1317 She blessed as I sneezed, but soon recalled it crying:
"Thinking whom did you sneeze?"
1318 When I suppressed my sneeze, she wept saying,
"Whom are you hiding from me?"
1319 If I try making up with her, she would ask enraged,
"Is this how you coax others as well?"
1320 If I gaze at her in silence, she would fume and ask,
"Thinking of whom this comparison?"
133 Joys of sulking
She
1321 Though he is not to blame, I feign sulking
To bring out the best in him.
1322 The pinpricks of sulking do not discourage
But strengthen love.
1323 Is there a heaven higher than love’s sulk
With hearts that join like earth and water?
1324 From this prolonged pout arises the weapon
To break the defence of my heart.
He
1325 Even for the guiltless it is a joy to forgo briefly
The shoulders from one’s clasp.
1326 More joyous than the meal is its digestion.
So is sulking more joyous than union.
1327 In lovers' quarrels the loser wins,
As shown when they make up.
1328 Will she sulk again to bring back the pleasure
Of that union drenched in sweat?
1329 May the bright-jewel sulk,
And may the night be prolonged for me to implore her!
1330 The joy of love lies in sulking, for that joy is realized
While embracing in union.
121 Nostalgic memories
1201 Love is sweeter than wine;
Its mere thought intoxicates.
1202 Nothing better than sweet memories of love
To overcome the pain of loneliness!
1203 Is it because of my lover’s incomplete thoughts
That my sneeze passes off incomplete?
1204 No doubt my lord abides in my heart.
Do I also likewise abide in his?
1205 Having kept me out of his heart,
Is he not ashamed to enter mine?
1206 You know why I live? To live in remembrance of the days
I lived in union with him.
1207 What will happen if I forget him,
When his memory itself burns my heart?
1208 He never resents, however much I think of him.
Isn’t it an honor from my lover?
1209 My dear life wastes thinking of his cruelty;
For once he said we are not different.
1210 Hail Moon! Set not till I set my eyes on him
Who left me but not from my heart.
122 Dream remembered
1211 How shall I feast this dream which brought
A message from my lord?
1212 If only my painted eyes could sleep,
I will tell him in my dream of my true predicament.
1213 Though I miss him when I am awake,
My life lingers on as I see him in my dreams.
1214 Dreams sustain my love for in it I seek him
Who visits not while I am awake.
1215 The very sight of him is joyous.
Be it in dreams or while I am awake.
1216 Save for that thing called waking,
My dream-lover won't leave me indeed.
1217 Why does he haunt me in my dreams
When he cruelly deserts me when awake?
1218 Asleep he is round my shoulders.
Awake he hurries back to my heart.
1219 Only those starved of love dreams,
Rue missing their beloved in wakefulness.
1220 He is a deserter, people say.
But how can they see his visits in my dreams?
123 Evening sorrows
1221 Farewell, evening! You are no more just,
For you devour the souls of brides!
1222 Bless you, muddled, lack-lustre twilight!
Is your love too heartless like mine?
1223 The evening that once sighed with unease,
Now comes with growing hatred causing pain.
1224 There goes my love and in strides the evening,
Like slayers at the slaughter
1225 What good did I do to dawn?
And what harm to evening?
1226 When my love was with me, I did not know
How cruel evening could be.
1227 Budding at dawn and growing all day,
This disease blooms by evening.
1228 The cowboy’s flutes now sound as envoys of death
Forecasting the fiery evening.
1229 This place will all be dizzy and grieved
When the evening spreads and smothers me.
1230 Longing for him who left longing for wealth,
The evenings take toll of my undying soul.
124 Wasting away
Her friend to her
1231 To lift us from want, he left us afar. Brooding over him,
Your eyes now quail before flowers.
1232 The pale and tear-filled eyes seem to convey
That your lover has been unkind.
1233 Sagging shoulders that once stood firm on the bridal day
Seem to clearly point to parting.
1234 Your lord away, your think shoulders droop,
Beauty and bracelets lost.
1235 Drooping shoulders, its fading beauty
And slipping bracelets declare his cruelty.
She
1236 Drooping shoulders and slipping bracelets,
These I bear; to call him cruel, unbearable.
1237 Can you, O heart, gain glory by relating that cruel man
The woes of my fading shoulders?
He
1238 For once I relaxed my hugging arms,
This poor girl’s forehead turned pale.
1239 Cool breeze crept between our embrace;
Her large rain-cloud eyes paled at once.
1240 Seeing the once bright forehead grow pale,
Her eyes too suffered and grew pale!
125 Heart to heart
1241 My heart, can't you suggest any remedy at all
For this incurable sickness?
1242 O my heart! How foolish you are to grieve for him
Who has no love for me!
1243 O heart, what use to stay here and pine
When he who caused this sickness is heartless?
1244 Rid me of these eyes, O my heart! For they,
Longing to see him, wear my life away.
1245 O heart, can I call him a foe and dump him
Who longs not for me though I long for him?
1246 My heart that pretends to be angry will at once
Yield and jell seeing my lover.
1247 O my good heart! Either shed shame or shed love
For I cannot bear both.
1248 O my poor soul! You persist in pursuit of the departed,
Longing for his favours!
1249 Where are you searching my heart
While you know my dear one is within?
1250 To retain the deserter still in my heart
Is to suffer losing more charm.
126 Loss of modesty
1251 The axe of love can break open the door of chastity
Secured by the bolt of modesty.
1252 That pitiless thing called Love
Exploits my heart even at night.
1253 Fain would I hide my love, but it breaks out
Unawares like a sneeze.
1254 In modesty I deemed myself beyond assail;
But love has now cast away the veil.
1255 The dignity of not pursuing the indifferent
Is one thing unknown to the love-sick.
1256 What sort of passion is this that induces me
To follow the very one who deserted me?
1257 When the lover does all we desire,
We forget all shame unawares.
1258 Are not the enticing words of this wily fraud
Weapons that break my feminine reserve?
1259 Determined to sulk I went, but when my heart merged,
I too went and clasped him.
1260 Can they ever think of refusing to be reconciled,
Whose hearts melt like fat in fire?
127 Mutual longings
She
1261 My eyes have lost their glow and my fingers worn out
Marking the days of his absence.
1262 What if I forget him now, my bright jewel?
For it costs my beauty and armlets!
1263 He parted from me longing for conquests;
And if I live yet, it is longing for his return.
1264 The thought of reunion when my love returns
Makes my heart burgeon higher and higher.
1265 Pallor will soon disappear from my slim shoulders,
Once my eyes feast seeing him.
1266 Enough if he returns for a day,
I will gorge him till all my ills vanish.
1267 When he, dear as my eyes, returns,
Should I frown or embrace him or do both?
He
1268 May the king succeed in his efforts!
I can then join my wife and party in the evenings.
1269 Even a day will seem seven to those
Who long for the day of their mate’s return.
1270 To one dead of a broken heart, what avails my return,
Meeting or even embrace?
128 Sign language
He
1271 Even if you hide, your divulging eyes reveal
That something lurks your mind.
1272 Her eye catching beauty and bamboo shoulders
Simply enhance her feminine reserve!
1273 Something shines in her jeweled charm,
Like the thread shining in a crystal bead.
1274 Something lurks behind her half smile
Like the fragrance in a flower bud.
1275 The trickery caused by the braceleted one
Carries the medicine to cure my ills as well.
She
1276 The lack of love in his embrace implies that
More sufferings are in store for me.
1277 Even before I could, my bangles figured out
The immanent separation from my lord.
1278 My lord left only yesterday,
And I already have a week's pallor.
Her friend to Him
1279 She did no more than show me her loose bracelets,
Slender shoulders and swollen feet.
1280 They say a woman is most womanly
When she makes her eyes declare and plead.
129 Yearning for union
1281 To please with the thought and delight with the sight,
Belongs not to liquor but love.
1282 Where love is as large as a palm tree,
Even millet of sulk is misplaced.
1283 Let him neglect me and do what he will.
My eyes will not rest till they see him.
1284 My friend, I went all set to quarrel,
But my heart forgot and clasped him.
1285 Like eyes that can’t see the painting brush,
I don’t see his faults when I see him.
1286 When I see him I see no faults, and when I don't,
I see nothing but faults!
1287 It is folly to plunge into a known raging stream.
Likewise, why sulk and plumb known lies?
1288 The drunkard seeks wine knowing well its shame;
So does your bosom to me, O thief!
1289 Love is more delicate than flower;
Not many handle it properly.
1290 Though hostile in the eyes, she was faster than me
To break down and unite.
130 Complaint to the heart
1291 My heart! You see his heart and stand by him,
But why don’t you stand by me?
1292 My heart! Having seen his indifference,
Why do you go after him in hope?
1293 O my heart! Is it because the fallen have no friends
That you madly run after him?
1294 Who will consult you hereafter, my heart,
Having failed to sulk before yielding?
1295 Anxious of not getting, and of losing when got,
Either way my heart is always anxious.
1296 If my heart stays with me here,
It is to devour me when I am musing alone.
1297 Even modesty I have forgotten,
Due to my meek and foolish heart unable to forget him.
1298 My dear loving heart decrees, my lord is not to be shamed
And thus hails only his glory.
1299 Who will help one in distress,
When one’s own heart refuses to help?
1300 When one's own heart behaves like a stranger,
Why talk of strangers?
131 Coyness
1301 Let me feign to be angry
And see his pain of suffering for a while.
1302 Sulking is the salt of love. To prolong it
Is like salt a little too much.
She to Him
1303 To leave a sulky woman alone
Is to cause more pain to the suffering.
1304 To ignore a lady in pout is to cut
An already withering climber at its root.
He to Himself
1305 The beauty of her feigned anger has an attraction
Even for the spotlessly pure men.
1306 Without frowns and sulking,
Love is like a fruit unripe or overripe.
1307 Coyness has this one drawback.
That is the worry of delayed union.
1308 Why grieve when the lover is not there
To know whether you are grieving?
1309 Just as the refreshing water in the shade,
Pouting has its charms only between lovers.
1310 Only my desire makes my heart pine for union
With one who keeps on sulking.
132 Lovers’ quarrels
She
1311 I won't clasp your broad chest,
A common dish for all women's eyes to gorge!
1312 When I sulked, he sneezed: hoping
I would forget and say "Bless you".
He
1313 If I wear a wreath, she cries enraged:
"For which woman's sake is this?"
1314 If I say "I love you more than any one",
She frowned asking, "Than whom, than whom?"
1315 The moment I said we won’t part in this life,
Her eyes were filled with tears.
1316 "I remembered you", I said;
"After forgetting?" said she withdrawing herself!
1317 She blessed as I sneezed, but soon recalled it crying:
"Thinking whom did you sneeze?"
1318 When I suppressed my sneeze, she wept saying,
"Whom are you hiding from me?"
1319 If I try making up with her, she would ask enraged,
"Is this how you coax others as well?"
1320 If I gaze at her in silence, she would fume and ask,
"Thinking of whom this comparison?"
133 Joys of sulking
She
1321 Though he is not to blame, I feign sulking
To bring out the best in him.
1322 The pinpricks of sulking do not discourage
But strengthen love.
1323 Is there a heaven higher than love’s sulk
With hearts that join like earth and water?
1324 From this prolonged pout arises the weapon
To break the defence of my heart.
He
1325 Even for the guiltless it is a joy to forgo briefly
The shoulders from one’s clasp.
1326 More joyous than the meal is its digestion.
So is sulking more joyous than union.
1327 In lovers' quarrels the loser wins,
As shown when they make up.
1328 Will she sulk again to bring back the pleasure
Of that union drenched in sweat?
1329 May the bright-jewel sulk,
And may the night be prolonged for me to implore her!
1330 The joy of love lies in sulking, for that joy is realized
While embracing in union.
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